Title by A O Student 1 September 2020 A Dissertation submitted in part fulfilment of the Degree of PhD Built Environment: Environmental Design and Engineering Bartlett School of Environment Energy and Resources University College London A O Student September 2020 CONTENTS CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................................... I FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................. II TABLES .............................................................................................................................................. III ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 2 2. BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS ...................................................................................................................... 5 3. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 6 4. RESULTS .................................................................................................................................... 7 5. ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 8 6. LIMITATIONS............................................................................................................................. 9 7. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................ 10 8. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 11 9. REFERENCES, ........................................................................................................................... 12 10. APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 13 i A O Student September 2020 FIGURES FIGURE 1 : VENN DIAGRAM ............................................................................................................................. 7 FIGURE 2 : PICTURE OF SOMETHING .................................................................................................................. 7 ii A O Student September 2020 TABLES TABLE 1 : SUMMARY OF PRIMARY DATABASES 7 iii A O Student September 2020 ABSTRACT 200-300 words long and give a very brief overview of the whole dissertation, including your findings. 1 A O Student September 2020 1. INTRODUCTION this should introduce the problem, and the work, and set the overall context. 2 A O Student September 2020 2. BACKGROUND should give background to the problem and is the place to talk about other peoples work rather than your own. The following section is based on information given to one of my PhD students by another based in University of Reading no reference but thanks to University of Reading. 2.1. Reviewing Research Papers When considering a research paper it may be helpful to organise your thoughts using the following information. Note the actual proper reference in EndNote, Mendeley or similar, doing it properly now will save time later 2.1.1. Conceptualisation and Theoretical Basis of the Work i. What is the problem or issue being investigated? ii. How clearly are the major concepts defined/ explained (are they fully stated or summarised)? iii. Is there some practical relevance in this work (research practice or industrial practice)? iv. Is the connection to an existing body of knowledge or theory clear? v. What is the theoretical basis of this work, i.e. knowledge domain, for example, where would you expect to find this work in a library (classification number)? 2.1.2. Analytical Framework and Hypotheses i. Is there a clearly stated research question? ii. Are there hypotheses? Are they clearly stated? If there are no hypotheses, is the paper a review, case study, contribution to theory development or some other type of study? iii. If there are hypotheses, are the relationships between the main variables explicit and reasonable? If there are no hypotheses, is there adequate development of theory? iv. If there are hypotheses, are they stated in a way that makes them testable and the results, no matter what they are, interpretable? If there are no hypotheses, are there clear indications as to the significance to theoretical development? 3 A O Student September 2020 2.1.3. Research Design i. Are the methods of research appropriate to the nature of the question being asked? Does the sensitivity of the methods match the needs of the research question? ii. What is the type of research design? iii. Could the design be improved? How? iv. Is there a clear account of the criteria used for selecting the focus (unit) of analysis and the cases chosen? v. Does the research design isolate what is being measured from other effects? Are the variables clearly and reasonably operationalised (what is measured and how)? Are the reliability and validity of the measures discussed? vi. Is the population appropriate for the research question being studied? Is the sample specified and appropriate? Can the results be reasonably generalised on the basis of this sample? 2.1.4. Results and Discussion i. Are the data appropriate for the study? Was the data collection and record keeping systematic? ii. Are the statistical techniques appropriate and adequately described? Is reference made to accepted procedures for analysis? iii. Are the control variables adequately handled in the data analysis? Are there other control variables that were not considered but should have been? iv. How systematic is the analysis? v. Is there adequate discussion of how themes, concepts and categories were derived from the data? 2.1.5. Conclusions i. Do the conclusions flow from the work that has been reported? ii. Are the conclusions of the study consistent with the results of the analysis? (If there is no numerical analysis, are the conclusions consistent with the development of the argument in the paper?) iii. Are alternative conclusions that are consistent with the data discussed and accounted for? iv. Are the theoretical and practical implications of the results adequately discussed? Are the theoretical implications adequately connected to the literature discussed at the beginning of the paper? v. Are the limitations of the study noted (in terms of parameters of the research and applicability of the findings)? 4 A O Student September 2020 vi. Is there adequate discussion of the evidence for and against the researcher’s arguments? vii. Is a clear distinction made between the data and their interpretation? 2.1.6. Summary i. What is your overall assessment of the adequacy of the study for exploring the research problem? ii. What is your overall assessment of the contribution of the study to this area of research? 2.2. Definition of CO poisoning Definitions etc etc CO poisoing etc is from (Penney, 1996) 2.3. Unintentional CO poisoning General intro sentence 2.3.1. Situation in Taiwan Taiwan info 2.3.2. Situation in UK UK info 2.4. Injuries that CO can cause 2.5. Aims/hypothesis can fit in here, or sometimes in the introduction where you set out your research question or hypothesis 5 A O Student September 2020 3. METHODOLOGY should explain the method you are going to use to investigate the research question 3.1. Bonus information about presenting General points made by Prof Mark Barrett, consider and use in your own presentations. • Think who is the audience and why you’re presenting to them. • Try the presentation out on your friends/colleagues/family. Record yourself. • Keep to time • Keep slides simple and clear • Not too much text. E.g. <20 words per slide. • Don’t’ ask your audience to listen to you while at the same time read much text on the slide. • Dynamic acting. You can point to places on the slide you are describing. Look at the audience. Smile. Surprise them. Pose them questions. Maybe one joke. • You can speak fairly slowly, especially if in a language that is foreign to you. • You can leave extra slides at the end of presentation in case you want to use them to answer questions or if you are going to circulate the presentation. Advice on powerpoint presentations Look at online advice, e.g. http://www.lifehack.org/articles/featured/10-tips-for-more-effective-powerpointpresentations.html http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/how-to/small-business/10-ways-give-betterpresentations-using-powerpoint-3584404/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i68a6M5FFBc http://www.wikihow.com/Create-a-PowerPoint-Presentation 6 A O Student September 2020 4. RESULTS section should be your results gained while following the method described above! Charts and visualisation information can be found here Keep it simple stupid ONS http://style.ons.gov.uk/category/data-visualisation/ The following Figure and Table headers include automatic numbering. So if you copy and paste one of these headings somewhere else, and then go CtlA (select whole document) and then F9 (function 9) it will recalculate all the numbering and update the CONTENTS for Figures and Tables as well Figure 1 : Venn diagram Platts IEACR EPER IEACO2 Table 1 : Summary of primary databases Figure 2 : picture of something 7 A O Student September 2020 5. ANALYSIS section should present information gained from the results 8 A O Student September 2020 6. LIMITATIONS – here you can detail the problems you encounterered with your study, separating them from the rest of the report, so the discussion and conclusion can be based on what you found out (while still acknowledging there were limitations). 9 A O Student September 2020 7. DISCUSSION is where you compare your results with those from others, was it what you expected?, if not why not. 10 A O Student September 2020 8. CONCLUSION – did you answer your research question?, what were the important findings?, why were they important?, can your findings be applied to the wider picture? The conclusion section should be quite short, 5 pages at the most, and normally 1 or 2. It should: o sum up the findings made during your research, o have a short introductory section explaining the process of your dissertation, o often have recommendations for the future. 11 A O Student September 2020 9. REFERENCES -we expect Harvard referencing Penney D., Carbon Monoxide, 1996 12 A O Student 10. September 2020 APPENDICES 13